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Learning Disability Types |
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1. Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum Rare neurological condition. The Corpus Callosum is a bridge of white matter joining the two hemispheres of the brain. Brain injury occurs when the Corpus Collasum fail to form. Causes Global Developmental Delay and seizures. Neurodevelopment disorder. Main signs are learning disability, jerky movements, a tendency to seizures and a happy sociable personality. More common in boys. Impairment of either activity or attention to control or both. Presents as a child that is always on the go, does not settle to anything, has poor concentration, poor ability to organise activities or who cannot wait for others. Range of disorders affecting the development of social interaction, communication and imagination. Abnormities of the cerebellum, which is the hind part of the brain responsible for the co-ordination of movement. Thus children with this disorder have instability in sitting, stranding, and walking. When the Cortex part of the brain is shrunken in size to what it should be. Less brain mass and volume means less thinking. Cerebral Atrophy occurs in a variety of illnesses. Non progressive disorder in the areas of the brain which control movement. Cerebral Palsy is mostly due to factors affecting the brain before birth. Three main types:-
Chromosome abnormalities involve the gain, loss or rearrangement of visible amounts of genetic material. Most are associated with clinical disorders or one kind of another. Deletion 5p-syndrome. Profound learning disability. Abnormal development of the foraminea through which the cerebrospinal fluid exits from inside the brain to outside surface. Balance, co-ordination and mobility are common problems. 18p- syndrome. Chromosome Abnormality. A wide variety of abnormalities. The causes of delayed myelination include congenital malformations, chromosomal, matabolic and degenerative disorders. Symptoms may include problems with balance, including motion sickness or when learning to ride a bicycle; co-ordination difficulties e.g. learning to tie shoe laces or doing up buttons. Other symptoms include the control of eye movements (reading) or hand eye co-ordination (writing). Downs Syndrome - Chromosone Disorder Developmental disorder of organisation and planning of physical movement. Term for a group of neurological disorders in which involuntary muscle spasm leads to abnormal movements and postures. Inflammation of the brain and can be caused by either viral or bacteria infections. Residual brain injury will depend upon the part of the brain affected as well as the severity of the initial infection. Epilepsy is the tendency to have recurrent seizures originating in the brain as a result of the excessive or disordered discharge of brain cells. Seizures are divided into two categories: generalised and partial. Caused by birth trauma when the traction of the head or arm, or twisting the arm or shoulder down and backward, results in paralysis of the nerves supplying the arm. Inherited learning disability. Disability varies from mild to severe. Weakness o muscle on one side of the body, resulting in the partial loss of function. of the body.Hydrocephalus (water on the brain) Build up of cerebro fluid in the ventricles causing them to compress surrounding brain tissue. Hypotonia- Low muscle tension (floppy) Kabuki Syndrome- Cause unknown. Slow learners A wide range of difficulties including; poor concentration, poor memory, clumsiness, poor reading and writing skills. Categorised as profound and complex to moderate and mild. range of intellectual impairment. severe forms of epilepsy, which occurs in childhood.Smooth brain, neurolonal migration disorder. Causes developmental delay and seizures. Inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord due to bacterial, viral and fungal infection. Complications of Meningitis include deafness, brain injury, cerebral palsy and epilepsy. (Small Head) Scans show reduction in the overall size of the brain that is other wise normally formed. Causes variable neurological impairments from very mild learning difficulties to much more severe problems such as arrested development, epilepsy and cerebral palsy. Rare childhood epilepsy. Complex, genetic, neurological disorder which affects far more girls than boys. Causes profound and multiple disabilities. Lateral curvature of the spine associated with rotation so that in the thoracic the ribs on the convex side are displaced backwards. Type of epilepsy which usually starts in the first year of life. Seizures are similar to spasms; one of the most severe forms of epilepsy. Long term problems include developmental delay and learning difficulties. Form of cerebral palsy. Main problems occur with the mouth, tongue, and swallowing muscles as a result of the bulber muscles being affected. |
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